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OBJECTIVE: To explore potential categories of parental social support for young parents under the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, and to examine correlations of different types of parents' social support with parental burnout. METHOD(S): In April 2020, we conducted an online voluntary survey among young parents across China with scales and a self-designed questionnaire. The latent profile analysis method was used to analyze parents' received social support and perceived social support. The social support categories were taken as independent variables and parental burnout as dependent variables, and multiple regression analysis was carried out to explore the relationship between received social support, perceived social support and parental burnout. Finally, the moderating effect of resilience between social support groups and parental burnout was discussed. RESULT(S): The results of latent profile analysis revealed three potential types of received social support, namely isolate, normal, and multi-support and the proportions of the respondents with the three profiles were 14.1%, 78.0%, and 7.9%. Four potential types of perceived social support, namely, indigent, medium, affluent and divergent and the proportions of the respondents with the four profiles were 13.7%, 29.6%, 25.3%, and 31.3%. Among them, the parents with divergent perceived social support had more perception of social support from the couple, family and relatives, but less perception of social support from net-friend, social organizations and the government. Regression analysis showed that there was no statistically significant correlation between different profiles of received social support and parental burnout, and among the groups of perceived social support, there was a statistically significant correlation between indigent and divergent types of social support and parental burnout. The divergent parents had lower levels of parental burnout compared with indigent (beta=-0.120, P=0.003). Also, resilience moderated the effect of divergent perceived social support and parental burnout. Compared with the parents with low resilience, the parents with high resilience perceived divergent social support with lower parenting burnout. CONCLUSION(S): There are prominent latent types of received social support and perceived social support under epidemic. People with divergent perceived social support (more perceived supports from partner, family and friends) are prone to have a relatively lower risk of parental burnout. Parents with higher resilience will be more sensitive to the support of close acquaintances, and can better resist parental burnout.
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[Background] Front-line medical staff are an important group in fighting against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and their mental health should not be ignored. [Objective] This study investigates the current situation and influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among front-line anti-epidemic medical staff during COVID-19 epidemic. [Methods] Medical staff who had participated in fighting against the COVID-19 epidemic wereselected from three grade III Class A hospitals and four grade II Class A hospitals in a city of Hubei Province by convenient sampling method in May 2020. The survey was conducted online using the Post-traumatic Stress Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) as the main survey tool to investigate current situation and characteristics of PTSD among these participants. A total of 1120 questionnaires were collected, of which 1071 were valid, and the effective rate was 95.6%. [Results] Of the 1071 participants, the average age was (32.59+/-5.21) years;the ratio of male to female was 1: 5.02;the ratio of doctor to nurse was 1:5.8;nearly 70% participants came from grade III Class A hospitals;married participants accounted for 75.4%;most of them held a bachelor degree or above (86.5%);members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) accounted for 22.9%;50.9% had junior titles;the working years were mainly 5-10 years (42.8%);more than 80.0% participants volunteered to join the front-line fight;95.1% participants received family support;43.0% participated in rescue missions;78.1% participants fought the epidemic in their own hospitals;more than 60% participants considered the workload was greater than before;34.4% participants fought in the front-line for 2-4 weeks, and 23.5% participants did for more than 6 weeks. There were 111 cases of positive PTSD syndromes (PCL-C total score >=38) with an overall positive rate of 10.4%, and the scores of reexperience [1.40 (1.00, 1.80)] and hypervigilance [1.40 (1.00, 2.00)] were higher than the score of avoidance [1.14 (1.00, 2.57)]. The results of univariate analysis revealed that PTSD occurred differently among participants grouped by age, political affiliation, working years, anti-epidemic activities location, accumulated working hours in fighting against COVID-19, having child parenting duty, voluntariness, family support, whether family members participated in front-line activities, and rescue mission assignment (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rates of reporting PTSD syndromes in medical personnel aged 31-40 years (OR=0.346, 95%CI: 0.164-0.730) and aged 41 years and above (OR=0.513, 95%CI: 0.319-0.823) were lower than that in those aged 20-30 years;the incidence rates of reporting PTSD syndromes in medical staff who were CPC members (OR=0.499, 95%CI: 0.274-0.909), volunteered to participate (OR=0.584, 95%CI: 0.360-0.945), and received family support (OR=0.453, 95%CI: 0.222-0.921) were lower than those did not (P<0.05);the incidence rates of reporting PTSD syndromes among medical workers who had child parenting duty (OR=2.372, 95%CI: 1.392-4.042), whose family members participated in front-line activities (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.135-2.575), and who participated in rescue missions (OR=1.705, 95%CI: 1.133-2.565) were higher than those who did not (P<0.05). [Conclusion] The positive PTSD syndrome rate is 10.4% in the front-line anti-epidemic medical staff. Age, political affiliation, voluntariness, family support, having child parenting duty, with a family members participating in the fight, and rescue mission assignment are the influencing factors of PTSD.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.
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Conspiratorial beliefs can endanger individuals and societies by increasing the likelihood of harmful behaviors such as the flouting of public health guidelines. While scholars have identified various correlates of conspiracy beliefs, one factor that has received scant attention is depressive symptoms. We use three large surveys to explore the connection between depression and conspiracy beliefs. We find a consistent association, with the extent of the relationship depending on individual and situational factors. Interestingly, those from relatively advantaged demographic groups (i.e., White, male, high income, educated) exhibit a stronger relationship between depression and conspiracy beliefs than those not from such groups. Furthermore, situational variables that ostensibly increase stress-such as having COVID-19 or parenting during COVID-19-exacerbate the relationship while those that seem to decrease stress, such as social support, vitiate it. The results provide insight about the development of targeted interventions and accentuate the need for theorizing about the mechanisms that lead depression to correlate with conspiracy beliefs.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Applied Cognitive Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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AIM: To assess parents' attitudes toward childhood COVID-19 immunization in Croatia. METHOD(S): In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we collected data from four tertiary care facilities in Zagreb, Split, and Osijek between December 2021 and February 2022. During the visit to the Pediatric Emergency Departments, parents were asked to fill out a highly-structured questionnaire about their attitudes toward COVID-19 immunization in children. RESULT(S): The sample consisted of 872 respondents. A total of 46.3% of respondents were hesitant about vaccinating their child against COVID-19, 35.2% definitely did not intend to vaccinate their child, and 18.5% definitely intended to vaccinate their child. Parents who were themselves vaccinated against COVID-19 were more likely than unvaccinated parents (29.2% and 3.2%, P<0.001) to vaccinate their children. Parents agreeing with the epidemiological guidelines were more inclined to vaccinate their children, as were parents of older children and parents of children vaccinated according to the national program schedule. Child comorbidities and respondents' history of COVID-19 were not associated with childhood vaccination intention. Ordinal logistic regression revealed that the most important predictors for a positive parents' attitude toward vaccinating their child were parents' vaccination status and regular vaccination of their child according to the national immunization program schedule. CONCLUSION(S): Our results demonstrate Croatian parents' mostly hesitant and negative attitudes toward childhood COVID-19 immunization. Future vaccination campaigns should target unvaccinated parents, parents with younger children, and parents of children with chronic diseases.
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This paper draws on the author's own experience of becoming a parent during the Covid-19 pandemic as a starting point from which to explore, and consider, how the experience of new parenthood was profoundly affected by the unusual and challenging circumstances created by the pandemic. Using a psychoanalytic lens, the author considers the legacy effects of Covid-19 restrictions and the atmosphere of heightened anxiety and danger, on the families who welcomed their first child in 2020 or 2021. The paper brings into focus the simultaneous experience of increased isolation and the withdrawal of support that would ordinarily be offered to new parents, along with the increased opportunities for closeness and early bonding this might bring, and considers how these factors might interrelate. It considers the changes to fatherhood that the pandemic created, and examines the benefits as well as pitfalls of the unusual circumstances brought about by successive lockdowns in the UK. The paper also explores the role that child psychotherapy has, as a profession, to examine and understand this experience for new parents and children born in the pandemic. Copyright © 2023 Association of Child Psychotherapists.
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Background. Physical activity (PA) has been conclusively shown to reduce the incidence of diabetes in prior research. A 2,000 steps/day increment yielded hazard ratio (HR) 0.88 for incidence of diabetes 95% CI 0.78-1.00;p = 0.046 (Garduno, 2022). Despite this, the role of different factors associated with higher adolescent after-school PA is understudied after the coronavirus pandemic, during which a greater proportion of parents worked remotely. This study aimed to evaluate statistically significant factors that are associated with higher adolescent PA versus sedentary behavior with the goal of identifying effective diabetes prevention interventions. Method(s): Study participants from Florida, U.S., aged 13-19 were enrolled and categorized into three groups based on the number of days of after-school exercise completed each week: 0 days of after-school exercise (No PA, n=214), 1-4 days of after-school exercise (moderate PA, n=245), and 5-7 days of after-school exercise (high PA, n=252). The statistical significance of the study factors associated with each PA group was assessed using two-tailed t-tests with a 95% confidence level. Result(s): The participants' mean age was 15.6+/-1.2 years. Among participants with high PA, moderate PA, and no PA, 19.4%, 26.4%, and 30.9% were affected by overweight or obesity respectively (p<0.05). PA was influenced by gender (81.7% of males had high PA, versus 59.5% of females, p<0.01). The incidence of high PA levels was greater among those participants whose parents were married (77.7% vs 58,8%, p<0.05) or those who were the oldest children in the family (85.1% vs 58.1%, p<0.05). In terms of modifiable factors, possibly due to a role-modeling parenting effect, high PA levels were more among participants who exercised together with parents (94.2% vs 49.1%, p<0.01), and if one of the parents had a healthy diet (74.1% vs 55.9%, p<0.05). High PA levels were also more prevalent in adolescents who read nutrition labels (86.6% vs 54.6%, p<0.01), who were concerned about protein content in food choices (90.5% vs 56.1%, p<0.05), who considered fiber (95.8% vs 64.4%, p<0.05), sugar (85.1% vs 62.8%, p<0.05), or whole food content (80.1% vs 65.8%, p<0.05). Conclusion(s): A deeper understanding of the factors associated with physical activity can help design more effective interventions. Study findings provide insight into environmental and behavioral factors associated with physical activity and provide the rationale for family-level interventions aimed at improving modifiable variables that will assist in the reduction of diabetes burden.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the family economy by threatening job security, which has been acting as a source of stress for fathers. Social distancing has increased father-child interaction time and the burden of parenting. The parenting stress levels of fathers increased, and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety were induced. This was reported to be more serious in vulnerable groups, according to the race or socioeconomic status of the fathers. Fathers' mental health problems in the context of COVID-19 affect father-child relationships and children's adjustment in the long term. Healthcare professionals must develop community-based intervention programs to screen fathers' risk factors and educate them on mental health issues, while considering the changing roles and mental health of fathers during the pandemic. Before another epidemic breaks out. Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IMR Press.
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BACKGROUND: Children with ADHD struggle with their academic achievement, well-being, and social functioning. COVID-19 restrictions negatively impacted families of children with ADHD and limited their access to services. This led to the creation of the online ADHD-VIBES program (VIrtual BEhavioural Support Intervention for Children with ADHD). OBJECTIVE(S): To determine the efficacy of the ADHD-VIBES program to support families of children with ADHD in behavioural, mental health, academic motivation, and engagement challenges. DESIGN/METHODS: The ADHD-VIBES program was an online program created to support children with ADHD and their families. It consisted of separate parent and child sessions (1-hour each) for six weeks, targeting the development of self-regulation, positive thinking, communication, problem-solving and executive function skills. To our knowledge, there was no other online program offering the same program content during the pandemic. All children met the following criteria: confirmed ADHD based diagnosis of child on parent ratings on Conners-3 Rating Scale (T-score > 65);IQ score > 80 on the WASI-II abbreviated;and access to technology to join virtual groups. Parents completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-3) and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI-4-SF) questionnaires. Children completed the BASC-3, the Executive Skills Questionnaire (ESQ), and the Motivation and Engagement Scale (MES). All questionnaires were completed at three different time-points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two-months after intervention. A survey was completed at the end of the intervention to determine level of satisfaction of parents towards the ADHD-VIBES. RESULT(S): A total of 12 boys between the ages of 8 to 11 years old (M = 9.62, SD = 0.94), and their caregivers, took part in this program (summer 2021). On the BASC-3, parents reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety (F:5.65, p=.016;F:6.21, p=.012) after completion of the ADHDVIBES program. No significant difference was reported by the children on the BASC-3. On the PSI-4-SF, there was no statistical difference observed (parental distress p=0.244). Improvement associated with executive skills (ESQ) were noticed related to Planning/Preparation (F:4.86, p=.019), Time Management (F:7.08, p=.005) and Goal Directed Persistence (F:5.71, p=.011). On the MES, negative Motivation subscales scores demonstrated a decrease in raw scores (T1=40.78;T2=35.75;T3=30.98;p=.103). Finally, all parents (100%) were satisfied/very satisfied with the ADHD-VIBES intervention. CONCLUSION(S): The ADHD-VIBES online intervention showed promising improvement on some behavioural issues, and executive function skills. However, future randomized controlled studies with a larger sample size are required to better understand the impact of the intervention for children with ADHD and their parents.
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BACKGROUND: With more than 28 million individuals of refugee or asylum-seeking background globally, the current situation has been described as one of the largest humanitarian crises of all time. Families of refugee background have complex, multigenerational mental health and developmental needs that are not accounted for in current programming frameworks. Difficulties in resettlement have been further compounded by COVID-19-related lockdowns, straining parental mental health and placing children at an increased risk for developmental or behavioural problems. Providing appropriate support services and educational resources that address the multigenerational concerns of families of refugee background will address these challenges, allowing for improved parental mental health, family cohesion, and developmental outcomes for children. OBJECTIVE(S): To gather data about the experiences, resources, referral pathways and barriers that impact the experience of parents of refugee background in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and to develop a novel, multi-dimensional parenting program model using Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) principles. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a qualitative community-based participatory study using a formative research framework, in accordance with COREQ guidelines. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with parents of refugee background and care providers that work closely with this population. Data were recorded, transcribed, and coded using deductive and inductive coding methods by two independent coders. RESULT(S): A total of 20 IDIs were conducted (7 parents and 13 care providers). The main topics that were identified to be incorporated into the program include features of child development, how to address resettlement issues, child advocacy, and parenting in the Canadian context. Participants felt that tackling the language barriers, addressing the overlapping responsibilities of the mothers attending the sessions, providing incentives, increasing awareness of the program, and using an anti-racist and anti-oppressive approach is key to the program's success. Participants emphasized the need for trauma-informed mental health support within the program model. CONCLUSION(S): This study describes the key considerations for a novel parenting program for families of refugee background, by engaging them as key stakeholders in the program design process. Future iteration of this project would involve a pilot and evaluation of the program.
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Objectives: Since 2016, the NYC Health + Hospitals Family Justice Center Mental Health Program (FJCMHP) has provided on-site psychiatric and therapeutic mental health services to intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors in each of the 5 Family Justice Centers in NYC. This is a novel program that meets families where they feel the safest. This study reports on the evaluation of the program. Method(s): A mixed-methods qualitative-quantitative assessment of the program that ascertained client usage, symptomatic, and relational change upon receipt of mental health services was conducted in July 2019 via: 1) an 18-item anonymous paper survey;and 2) 3 focus groups. From January 2020 to July 2021, 11 parents were interviewed for an individual summary of their experiences of pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting. Result(s): Of the 53 IPV survivors who completed the anonymous questionnaires, 47.2% identified as Hispanic or Latino, 47.2% were between the ages of 31 and 40 years, and 62.3% had never received mental health treatment prior to engaging in the collaboration. A total of 71% of the clients reported improved sleep, and 87% reported improved mood. Of those who reported suicidal ideation, 84% reported a decrease in self-harm thoughts, and 77% reported enhanced social support. Of those with children, 92.3% reported improvement in their relationships with their children. Of the 11 interviewees in the smaller subset, nearly 60% were parents of children 0 to 18 years old with 30% having children under 5 years of age with a mean adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) score of 9.2 (SD = 3.89). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores were classified as moderate depression (M = 21.52;SD = 22.52) and moderate anxiety (M = 21.37;SD = 19.94). There was no statistical difference between the HAM-D or HAM-A scores comparing those in the FJCMHP and those not in the program (p =.56 for HAM-D;p =.49 for HAM-A). All (100%) of them reported satisfaction with the FJCMHP with qualitative themes of postpartum depression and new outlook on parenting. Conclusion(s): A collaborative mental health program in a nonmedical setting is attainable and leads to subjective symptom and relational improvements. Limitations of this evaluation include the difficulty of recruiting child interviewees into the study, and the effect of COVID-19 that limited long-term follow-up data. Future directions apply to what specific interventions lead to reductions in mental health outcomes. CC, SP, TRA Copyright © 2022
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Introduction: The trace in the memory left by the COVID-19 pandemic is no less important than the immediate reaction on it. Objective(s): The objective was to study the parent-child relations during the strict lockdown (April 2020) on the material of parental memories focusing on emotional reactions and behaviour of children. Method(s): The material was collected in July-August 2020 in a small city in south Russia. The group included 88 parents (average age 34+/-5). 42 parents had an only child, 38 two children and 7 from 3 to 5 children. Methods used in the study included questionary, halfstructured interview. Result(s): 61%estimated the lockdown as "very stressful and difficult." Vast majority (86 parents) said that the situation was constantly discussed in the family, 2 parents demonstrated the reaction of denial saying that the situation was never discussed at home. Respondents mentioned "increase of anxiety," "insecurity," "conflicts within the family," etc. In most cases, parents did not succeed to provide a constructive and balancing explanation, which would answer the child's wish to understand the situation. Describing the children's reactions on the changes in the usual way of life, parents stressed anxious (15%) and explosive-angry reactions (10%), with prevalence of apathy, tendency to "stick to" the adult (45%). 30% of parents did not notice any changes in their children's behaviour. Conclusion(s): Results demonstrate the need in clinicalpsychological solutions, which would be designed for wide use ("collective patient") and aimed at explanation of the situation of pandemic to the children of different ages, belonging to different social groups.
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Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic put parents under great pressure, and the most vulnerable parents may have become too overwhelmed to find appropriate ways to be supportive caregivers and to address children's fears and insecurities. Objective(s): Assess the level of parental stress experienced by mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it with that experienced by fathers. Method(s): This was a descriptive and comparative analytical study, shared on social networks during the period from 8 to 20 April 2021, targeting mothers of children aged 2 to 18 years. The mother answered the questionnaire for herself and her child. The level of stress experienced by the mother in the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed by the brief version of the Parental Stress Index (PSI-SF). Result(s): The total number of participants was 65 mothers. Parental stress level in mothers was high in 58.5%, the average PSI score was 94.25;the mean score of the parental distress subscale was 34.06;the mean score of the dysfunctional child-parent interaction subscale was 27.86;and the average score of the child difficulty subscale was 32.32. The mean scores of the parental distress subscale, the child difficulty subscale, as well as the mean PSI total score were significantly higher in mothers than in fathers, with p= 0.010;p= 0.022 and p=0.017 respectively. Conclusion(s): Our results highlight a higher level of stress in mothers than in fathers. This can be explained the parental, marital and professional responsibilities imposed on women, underlining the urgent need to provide mothers with adequate support.
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Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly changed family dynamics and parents experience greater psychological distress. Conduct problems in young people have increased by 35%. However, it is not known how Covid-19 associated stresses have affected parenting practice, conduct problems, and comorbidities and what additional support is needed for families at risk. Objective(s): This study uses self-report measures and semistructured interviews to examine and explore the impact of Covid-19 on the families of young people with conduct problems and comorbid mental health conditions. Method(s): This is a sequential mixed-methods study. Eligible families with children aged between 11-18 years have participated. One-hundred-and-eighty-two families have completed eight online questionnaires and 12 have participated in semi-structured followup interviews. Result(s): Analyses indicate that parental harshness, warmth, educational background, and employment have a significant impact on Covid-19 exposure and worries, as well as significantly higher scores of conduct disorder symptoms. Interview codes reveal that young peoples' behaviour became more severe during the pandemic, and this was associated with reduced in-person support services, reduced personal space at home, and parents taking on the additional role of educator. Conclusion(s): The findings suggest that Covid-19 is a significant risk factor to young people with conduct problems and their families. For example, reduced parental warmth and increased parental harshness increased conduct problems for young people during the lockdown. This study highlights that policies and services should work to better support such families. Future online psychosocial interventions are needed to empower families and improve parenting practice at home during the lockdown period and in general.
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Objectives: To describe the opinions regarding vaccination of parents of infants aged 0-7 years in Barcelona with different profiles of vaccine hesitancy;to describe the elements contributing to hesitancy;and to explore suggestions for improvement. Material(s) and Method(s): Qualitative exploratory-descriptive and phenomenological study. Thirteen semi-structured individual interviews were carried out with parents of infants with vaccine hesitancy (12 mothers and one father). A thematic content analysis was performed. Data quality was ensured through triangulation strategies. Result(s): Among the elements contributing to vaccine hesitancy, the participants highlighted the scarce information on vaccines provided by the health system, the variability in the treatment received at the consultation and their need to make informed decisions. Insufficient information contributes to their perception that the vaccination schedule is excessive, premature and rigid, and to the low risk perception of some diseases. Although they report trust in health services, many complement it with private or non-biomedical services. Mothers considered that the COVID-19 pandemic had little influence on their hesitancy. Conclusion(s): The hesitancy identified among the informants is attributed to the lack of information provided by the health services, the communication and treatment received at the consultation and unresolved doubts regarding the vaccination schedule. It is recommended to increase the skills of the professional teams to improve communication with parents of infants and to increase the quality of the information provided by the National Health System. Copyright © 2022
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The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of our lives. Women in the perinatal period have unique needs, demanding health and safety guidelines regarding the risks associated to social isolation. The objective was to know the women's experience during pregnancy or puerperium in the pandemic while being cared at a hospital. Qualitative study referenced on concepts of integrality of care and daily life. Eighteen pregnant and postpartum participated. Three themes emerged: Repercussions on pregnancy and puerperium, repercussions on practical life, and coping strategies created by women. The reports reveal different repercussions of the pandemic in the lives of women and their families, also the strategies and precautions used to mitigate its adverse effects. We suggest directing preventive measures and public health policies to prioritize pregnant and postpartum women, recognizing and embracing subjective issues involved at this moment in women's lives. Copyright © 2022, Fundacao UNI Botucatu/UNESP. All rights reserved.
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Background: There is considerable evidence suggesting that parenting programmes reduce violence against children (VAC). Based on this evidence, there have been calls for implementation of parenting programmes at scale. However, most of the existing evidence on implementation quality and scale-up comes from high-income countries and very little research ascertains the perspectives and experiences of programme implementers from low-income settings. Objective(s): To explore the views and experiences of implementers from six non-profit organisations who delivered Parenting for Lifelong Health for Teens (PLH-Teens) programme at scale in Tanzania in 2020 and 2021. Method(s): This paper employed a qualitative research design involving 44 in-depth interviews and 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) with facilitators, coaches, and local implementing partners (LIPs). Data were collected on implementers' experiences of delivering the programme at scale by exploring topics including programme delivery, training and support they received and details around programme logistics. All interviews and FGDs were audio-recorded with the permission of the participants. With the aid of NVIVO 12 qualitative analysis software, thematic analysis was used to synthesise the interview and FGD data. Result(s): Thematic analyses of the interviews and FGDs revealed three themes: 1) implementers' reflections on factors promoting scale-up;2) implementers motivation for implementation of the programme;and 3) barriers to scale up. Implementers described factors that promoted successful scale up as: planning and working closely with community organisations, which enhanced trust and buy-in;delivering the programme through role plays;and delivery by skilled implementers. Implementers were motivated to deliver the programme at scale for reasons such as prestige/respect, financial incentives, and acquiring skills for their own parenting. This study highlights barriers to programme scale-up as: conflicting demands on staff time;beneficiaries' initial doubt of the programme's value;COVID-19 related disruptions;and logistical challenges that affected how both implementers and parents/caregivers engaged with the programme. Despite these obstacles, implementers remained flexible in scheduling and adapting the programme to ensure successful completion. Conclusion(s): This paper highlights the perspectives of staff implementing a parenting programme aiming to reduce VAC at scale. The study suggests that several factors support staff in delivering the programme whereas other factors hindered successful implementation. It is important for all programme stakeholders to understand these factors and find ways of addressing them for desired programme impact. The study also reveals that the successful delivery of parenting programme should allow for flexibility in modes of delivery by allowing for necessary adaptations and adjustments.
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In 2019 the Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center was the health center with the highest prevalence of stunting in Pekanbaru City at 38.8%;this is still above Indonesia's target of 14%. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five (12-59 months) in the working area of the Rumbai Bukit Public Health Center, Pekanbaru City, in 2021. This study is a cross-sectional study. The research sample was 161 mothers with children under five aged 12-59 months in the Rumbai Bukit Health Center working area. Data on stunting children were obtained from direct measurements. Data on knowledge, birth weight of children under five, exclusive breastfeeding, age of complementary feeding, immunization, parenting, economic status, and history of infectious diseases were collected through questionnaire interviews. Bivariate analysis was carried out with a chi-square test and multivariate with a multiple logistic regression test. The study found that 19.9% of children under five were stunted. A history of infectious disease was significantly related to stunting in children under five (p < 0.05). Children under five who have infectious diseases have a 5.5 times chance of becoming stunted. It is recommended that MCH and Nutrition program holders work together to continue counseling about the importance of good parenting for children under five and increase basic immunization coverage to prevent infection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the use of the internet in the community, especially online games, increasing the risk of addiction. According to our research, the prevalence of internet addiction in Indonesian adolescents and adults was 19% and 15% in 2020. 30% of teenagers who started as regular online gamers were developing to be addicts. Currently, there are no specific regulations for online games in Indonesia while parents seek professional help. Therefore, Indonesia's national referral hospital has developed a behavioural addiction clinic based on CBT modalities and family therapy. Studies on the effectiveness of CBT for adolescents with gaming disorders are strongly needed to standardize internet gaming disorder management. Methods: This research is an experimental study that followed 20 patients given CBT for six months. The CBT was in a modified module adapted to Indonesian culture and performed for 12 sessions. On the sixth month of follow-up, the data analysis found decreased online games addiction scores and duration of online game usage, improvement of psychopathology, family relationships, self-image, and parenting styles. Results: There was a significant change (p<0.05) in the duration of online games usage, online games addiction scores, relationships with family, parenting styles, selfimage, and psychopathology. This modified CBT modality can be used as a national guideline in Indonesia Conclusion: Modified CBT is effective for gaming disorder treatment for adolescents and young adults in Indonesia. This modality could be used as a treatment model for national management in Indonesia's various mental health service centres.